Dictionary
Return to main menu
A.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) play a crucial role in degrading persistent pollutants, disinfecting water, and treating industrial effluents.
B.
C.
Colloidal bonding using radicals involves using reactive species (radicals) to create chemical bonds between colloidal particles, leading to the formation of larger structures or materials. These radicals can be generated in various ways, including photochemically, through ion bombardment, or by introducing specific chemical precursors. The process allows for the creation of materials with unique properties and tailored structures.
Colloidal particles are tiny particles, ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nanometers (1 micrometer), that are dispersed in a continuous medium. They are larger than individual molecules but small enough to remain suspended and not settle out due to gravity. These particles can be solid, liquid, or gas and can be dispersed in a variety of media like gases, liquids, or solids.
D.
Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in water lowers the pH, making the water more acidic. This happens because CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then releases hydrogen ions (H+), increasing the acidity and lowering the pH. The more CO2 dissolved, the lower the pH.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Haber-Bosch Process
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are highly reactive and short-lived molecules, considered the most potent oxidizing agents in various environments. They are crucial in atmospheric chemistry, playing a key role in the removal of pollutants and influencing air quality and climate. In natural waters, they participate in biogeochemical cycles and pollution removal. Hydroxyl radicals also have roles in biological systems, including plants, where they are involved in signalling and stress responses.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
Mycelium
N.
Nitrification is a microbial process in the nitrogen cycle where ammonia (or ammonium) is converted to nitrite, and then to nitrate. This process is crucial for making nitrogen available to plants and is performed by specialized bacteria and archaea under aerobic conditions.
O.
Oxyanion, also known as an oxoanion, is a negatively charged polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom bonded to another element, forming a central atom, and is the conjugate base of an oxyacid.
P.
Q.
R.
The rhizosphere is a thin, narrow layer of soil that surrounds plant roots, where the physical, chemical, and biological properties are significantly influenced by the root. This unique micro-environment is crucial for plant health and growth because it fosters a complex and diverse community of microorganisms that interact with the root, exchanging nutrients, water, and other compounds. Plants actively influence this zone by releasing root exudates, which serve as signals and nutrients for microbes, and by regulating the soil's pH to optimize nutrient uptake.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
X.
Y. Young Laplase
Z.